Golf Course Construction:
Meeting The United States Golf Association recommendations

Sierra Testing Laboratories
The USGA recommend. testing the stability of golf course green building materials. This is accomplished by using the ASTM C-88 Sulfate Soundness Test. Greater than 12% degradation over a 2O-year period is unacceptable.

Techno - Greens's AQUA-FEED 'C' Soil Amendment far exceeds this recommendation by degrading less than 3%.

Thomas Turf Services

• Thomas Turf Services has found POZZOLAN an excellent Soil Amendment.
  "The Pozzolan may be beneficial for use on problem areas of golf course tees and fairways. High traffic areas such as the walk-on areas and landing zones are examples of areas likely to benefit from the use of this product."
  
  "Pozzolan would be useful in improving growing conditions in "hot spots" or other areas that normally require a significant amount of hand watering. Since the Pozzolan has an adequate saturated hydraulic conductivity, it may be possible to incorporate it into the soil profile by using it to fill "core aerification" holes. Another possible approach would be to use a mixture of sand and Pozzolan to fill "core aerification" holes."
  
  
• Thomas Turf Study
  DISCUSSION OF LAB RESULTS
  The physical measurements test was performed on the "pure" Pozzolan to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity (infiltration rate), moisture retention at 30 cm tension, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, capillary porosity and air-filled porosity.
  
  The physical measurements of the Pozzolan showed it to have acceptable saturated hydraulic conductivity of 10.9 inches per hour which is in the normal range of 6-12 inches per hour recommended by the USGA. The Pozzolan retained 62.1% moisture at 30 cm tension. The Pozzolan had a low bulk density of 0.81 g/cc and a low particle density of 2.49 g/cc. The Pozzolan had a high 67.7% total porosity, a very high 50% capillary porosity and an acceptable 17.7% air-filled porosity.
  
  The physical measurements show that the Pozzolan will have a high amount of total porosity and retain a very high amount of water. Therefore, the Pozzolan will be effective in increasing the capillary porosity of a root zone sand.
  
  To determine at what tension the Pozzolan releases the majority of water, the water retention was measured at a range of tension including 0.03 bar, 0.3 bar, 2 bars, and 15 bars. The 0.03 bar moisture retention is representative of the maximum moisture retained by a 12" depth of soil (as in a putting green root zone). The 0.3 bar is the maximum moisture retained in a field situation similar to a fairway using native soil. The 2 bar value is representative of the moisture content at which a turf would be irrigated.
  
  The 15 bar value is considered to be the maximum amount of water that can be removed by plants. The measured values for the Pozzolan are as follows:
  
  

  Tension	Moisture Content (%)
  0.03	62.1
  0.3	9.3
  2.0	3.6
  15.0	0.8

  
  
  Graph based upon studies of Pozzolan by a USGA approved laboratory and four of the other top selling soil amendments.

  

  As you can see from the graph AQUA-FEED not only has the ability to absorb a great deal more moisture but will also release it to the plants prior to what is called the "theoretical wilt point" or -500 cm. This value was chosen because under most normal irrigation cycles a rootzone would rarely be allowed to exceed this value before re supplying water. This information is the key to the ability of AQUA-FEED to eliminate localized dry spots and reduce irrigation requirements.

Texas Tech University Click here to download PDF

Bentgrass Establishment In Sand -Based Rootzones using subsurface Drip Irrigation

Jumeirah Golf Estates Click here to download PDF

Soil amendment trials – a study of AQUA-FEED and AQUA-FEED 'C' for water conservation, and Nature’sBio® Custom Blended Humates as the organic source in dune sand to establish 419 Bermuda grass grown from sprigs.

Techno-Green Corp provided the products and the installation protocols for AQUA-FEED, AQUA-FEED'C' and Nature’sBio® Custom Blended Humates, with Mathew Dobson – Golf Course Manager, and Mark Tupling – Golf Course Superintendent from Jumeirah Golf Estates overseeing the installation and providing their expertise for irrigation, nutrient requirements, turf management, monitoring, and reporting.

The report is shown with Techno-Green results only being a requirement of the legal department of the Jumeirah Golf Estates.

Techno-Green Corp. sincerely thank Matthew Dobson, and Mark Tupling for their professionalism shown during this testing.